Antistatic agent is a kind of chemical additive added to resins or coated on the surface of polymer materials to prevent or dissipate electrostatic charges. Antistatic agent itself has no free electrons, which belongs to surfactants. Through ionic conduction or hygroscopic action of ionizing or polar groups, antistatic agent can form a leakage charge channel to achieve the purpose of antistatic electricity.
1.Anionic antistatic agent
For anionic antistatic agent, the active part of the molecule is anion, including alkyl sulfonates, sulfates, phosphoric acid derivatives, advanced fatty acid salts, carboxylate and polymeric anionic antistatic agents, etc. Their cationic part mostly is ions of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, ammonium, organic amines and amino alcohols, etc. It is the antistatic agent that is widely applied in chemical fiber spinning oil and oil products, etc.
2.Cationic antistatic agent
Cationic antistatic agent mainly includes Amine salt, quaternary ammonium salt and alkyl amino acid salt, etc. Among, quaternary ammonium salt is the most important, which has excellent antistatic performance and stronger adhesion to polymer materials. Quaternary ammonium salt is widely applied as the antistatic agent for fibers and plastics. But some quaternary ammonium compounds have poor thermal stability and have certain toxicity and irritation. Also they can react with some coloring agent and fluorescent whitening agent. So they will be limited to be used as internal antistatic agents.
3.Nonionic antistatic agent
The molecules of nonionic antistatic agent themselves have no charge and very little polarity. Generally nonionic antistatic agent has a long lipophilic group, which has good compatibility with resin. Also nonionic antistatic agent has low toxicity and good processibility and heat stability, so it is an ideal internal antistatic agent for synthetic materials. It mainly includes compounds as polyethylene glycol ester or ether, polyol fatty acid ester, fatty acid alkolamid and fatty amine ethoxyether, etc.
4.Amphoteric antistatic agent
Generally, amphoteric antistatic agent mainly refers to the ionic antistatic agent that has both anionic and cationic hydrophilic groups in their molecular structure. The hydrophilic groups in the molecules produce ionization in aqueous solution, which are anionic surfactant in some media, while in others they are cationic surfactants. Amphoteric antistatic agent has good compatibility with high polymer materials and good heat resistance, which is a kind of internal antistatic agent with excellent performance.
Post time: Jul-09-2024