Amabara ya Acide

Irangi rya acide gakondo risobanura amarangi ashonga amazi arimo amatsinda acide muburyo bwo gusiga irangi, ubusanzwe irangi irangi mubihe bya acide.

 Incamake y'amabara ya Acide

1.Amateka yo gusiga irangi

Mu 1868, hagaragaye irangi rya aside ya mbere, nk'irangi rya metani ya triaromatic, yari ifite imbaragairangiubushobozi ariko kwihuta gukabije.

Mu 1877, habayeho gushushanya irangi rya aside ya mbere yo gusiga ubwoya, nkumutuku A. Imiterere shingiro yagenwe.

Nyuma ya 1890, havumbuwe irangi rya aside hamwe na anthraquinone.Kandi ifite byinshi kandi byuzuye chromatografiya.

Kugeza ubu, hari amoko agera ku magana y'amabara ya acide, akoreshwa cyane mu gusiga ubwoya, ubudodo na nylon, n'ibindi.

2.Ibiranga amarangi ya aside

Itsinda rya acide mu irangi rya aside muri rusange rishingiye ku itsinda rya acide sulfonique (-SO₃H) kandi ibaho muburyo bwa sodium sulfonic umunyu (-SO₃NA) kuri molekile y'irangi.Kandi nanone bimwe bishingiye kuri sodium carboxylate (-COONa).

Irangi rya acide rifite amazi meza, igicucu cyamabara meza, chromatografi yuzuye hamwe nuburyo bworoshye bwa molekile kurusha andi marangi.Kandi kubura sisitemu ndende ya conjugate coherent muri molekile yamabara, ubwiza bwamabara ya acide ni buke.

3.Uburyo bwo gukora amarangi ya aside

Ubwoya - NH₃⁺ + ^-O₃S - Irangi → Ubwoya - NH₃⁺·^-O₃S - Irangi

Silk - NH₃⁺ + ^-O₃S - Irangi → Silk - NH₃⁺·^-O₃S - Irangi

Nylon - NH₃⁺ + ^-O₃S - Irangi → Nylon - NH₃⁺·^-O₃S - Irangi

Ibyiciro bya Acide

1.Gushyira muburyo bwa molekulire yimiterere yababyeyi

Irangi rya Azo (Konti ya 60%. Mugari mugari)

Irangi rya Anthraquinone (Konti ya 20%. Ahanini ni ubururu nicyatsi kibisi)

Irangi rya metani ya Triaromatic (Konti ya 10%. Urukurikirane rw'umutuku n'icyatsi)

Irangi Irangi rya Heterocyclic (Konti ya 10%. Urukurikirane rutukura n'umutuku.)

2.Gutondekanya na pH y'amabara

Irangi rya aside mu bwogero bukomeye bwa aside: Gusiga pH agaciro ni 2.5 ~ 4.Kwihuta kwumucyo nibyiza, ariko gufata neza kwihuta ni bibi.Igicucu cyamabara ni cyiza kandi kuringaniza umutungo nibyiza.

Irangi rya aside mu bwogero bwa acide idakomeye: Gusiga pH agaciro ni 4 ~ 5.Igipimo cyitsinda rya acide sulfonique mumiterere ya molekile yimiterere ni mike.Amazi rero yo gukemura neza arakennye gato.Kwihutisha gufata neza biruta irangi rya aside mu bwogero bukomeye bwa aside, arikokuringanizaumutungo ni umukene muto.

Irangi rya aside mu bwogero bwa aside itabogamye: Gusiga pH agaciro ni 6 ~ 7.Igipimo cyitsinda rya acide sulfonique mumiterere ya molekile yimiterere ni mike.Gukemura amarangi ni bike kandi imitungo iringaniye irakennye.Igicucu cyamabara ntigaragara neza, ariko umuvuduko wo gufata neza ni mwinshi.

Ibara risanzwe ryihuta ryamabara ya Acide

1. Kwihuta

Nukurwanya ibara ryimyenda kumucyo wubukorikori.Mubisanzwe birageragezwa ukurikije ISO105 B02.

2.Kwihuta kw'amabaragukaraba

Nukurwanya ibara ryimyenda yo gukaraba mubihe bitandukanye, nka ISO105 C01 \ C03 \ E01, nibindi.

3.Ibara ryihuta ryibara

Nukurwanya ibara ryimyenda kubikorwa byo guswera.Irashobora kugabanwa muburyo bwihuse bwo gukama no kwihuta.

4.Ibara ryihuta kumazi ya chlorine

Yitwa kandi amabara meza kumazi ya chlorine.Mubisanzwe ni ukwigana ubunini bwa chlorine muri pisine kugirango ugerageze guhangana nigitambara cya chlorine.Kurugero, uburyo bwo gupima ISO105 E03 (Ibintu byiza bya chlorine ni 50ppm.) Birakwiriye koga ya nylon.

5.Ibara ryihuta ryibyuya

Nukurwanya ibara ryimyenda kubyuya byabantu.Ukurikije aside na alkali yo kubira ibyuya, irashobora kugabanywa muburyo bwihuta bwamabara kugirango ibyuya bya acide no kwihuta kwamabara kugeza ibyuya bya alkali.Imyenda irangi irangi irangi muri rusange igeragezwa kugirango ibara ryihuta kugeza ibyuya bya alkali.

Igicuruzwa 23016 Cyinshi Cyuzuye Acide Urwego Rurwego (Kuri nylon) Uruganda nuwitanga |Udushya (imyenda-chem.com)