Mu myaka yashize, kubera iterambere rihoraho ryinganda za fibre hamwe nibisabwa cyane kubidukikijeimyendaibipimo, gusiga imyenda no gufasha abafasha byateye imbere cyane. Kugeza ubu, iterambere ryo gusiga irangi no kurangiza abafasha rifite inzira zikurikira.
Dgutezimbere ibidukikijeabafasha b'imyenda
Hamwe niterambere ryimibereho, abantu bafite byinshi bisabwa kandi byinshi murwego rwo kubungabunga imyenda yicyatsi no kurengera ibidukikije. Kubwibyo, abafasha batangiza ibidukikije babaye icyerekezo nyamukuru cyubushakashatsi niterambere ryinganda zabafasha. Usibye kwihuta no gukoresha imikorere isabwa n'inganda, bitangiza ibidukikije abafasha b'imyenda igomba kandi kuba yujuje ubuziranenge bwihariye, nkumutekano mwiza, ibinyabuzima, umutungo wimukanwa nuburozi buto. Na none ibirimo ibyuma biremereye ion na formaldehyde ntibishobora kurenza agaciro ntarengwa. Kandi ntibagomba kubamo imisemburo yibidukikije, nibindi.
Dabafashabikwiriye gushyaimyendafibre hamwe nubuhanga bushya bwo gusiga no kurangiza
Mu myaka yashize, ubwoko bushya bwimyenda yimyenda, nka microfiber, fibre profile, Loycell, Modal, fibre PTT, fibre acide polylactique, soya ya soya nubwoko butandukanye bwibintu bigoye hamwe na fibre ikora bihora bitezwa imbere kandi bigashyirwa mubikorwa. Ibyo bigomba guteza imbere urukurikirane rushya rwo gusiga irangi no kurangiza gutunganya. Hagati aho, ibisabwa bishya byo gusiga amarangi no gucapa nabyo bishyirwa imbere. Birakenewe gutezimbere urukurikirane rwabafasha badasanzwe bakwiranye nubwoko bwose bwa fibre nshya nibikorwa bishya. Byongeye kandi, kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa mu kurengera ibidukikije no kuzigama ingufu, ikoranabuhanga rya plasma yo mu bushyuhe buke, tekinoroji yo gucapa inkjet, imashini ikonjesha imashini eshatu-imwe y’ikoranabuhanga ryo kwitegura hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha amashyanyarazi akomeza gusiga irangi, n'ibindi. nayo isaba abafasha bahuye kugirango bahuze.
Sgushimangira iterambere ryaibicuruzwa byibanze nibikoresho fatizo byagusiga irangi no kurangiza abafasha
Mu gukora amarangi yo gusiga irangi no kurangiza, surfactants, ibice byinshi bya molekile hamwe nabahuza kama nibice byingenzi cyangwa ibikoresho fatizo byingenzi. Iterambere ryibicuruzwa byibanze nibikoresho fatizo bitera imbaraga zo guteza imbere amarangi mashya no gufasha abafasha. Surfactants ikoreshwa cyane mugusiga irangi no kurangiza abafasha. Mu myaka yashize, ibintu bimwe na bimwe byiza nka APEO, nibindi byarabujijwe kubera ibibazo byumutekano. Icyifuzo cyo guteza imbere ibintu bishya bifite umutekano, ibinyabuzima byangiza kandi byangiza umubiri wumuntu nibidukikije biragenda byihutirwa. Mubyongeyeho, iterambere no gushyira mubikorwa bimwebimwe bishya byubwoko bushya, nka Gemini surfactant, fluorochemical surfactant, organosilicon surfactant na molekile nyinshisurfactantbizamura urwego rusange rwo gusiga irangi no kurangiza abafasha. Ibice byinshi bya molekile nabyo ni ibice bikoreshwa cyane mugusiga irangi no kurangiza abafasha. Kugirango ugabanye ingaruka ku bidukikije, guhinduka kuva mubwoko bwa macromolecule bigahinduka kuri macromolecule ishingiye kumazi bigomba kuba icyerekezo cyiterambere cyo gukoresha macromolecule mugusiga irangi no kurangiza abafasha. Ni ngombwa kandi guteza imbere ibice bimwe na bimwe bya molekuline hamwe nuburyo bushya.
Guteza imbereubushakashatsi no gushyira mubikorwa imyunyu ngugu ya biologiya
Gutegura enzyme ya biologiya ifite ibiranga cataliza neza kandi byumwihariko. Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwimisemburo, ishobora gukoreshwa muri buri gikorwa cyo gusiga irangi no kurangiza. Kubikoresha kugirango bisimbuze ibikoresho gakondo bya chimique mugusiga irangi no kurangiza birashobora kugera ku ntego yo kugabanya ikoreshwa ryibikoresho fatizo, ingufu n’amazi, kuzamura umusaruro, kugabanya igiciro cy’umusaruro no kuzamura umusaruro usukuye mu nganda zisiga amarangi no gucapa. Byongeye kandi, enzymes nibicuruzwa bisanzwe. Birashobora kwangirika rwose kandi ntacyo byangiza ibidukikije. Gutezimbere no gukoresha imitegekere ya enzyme yibinyabuzima mugusiga irangi no kurangiza bifite akamaro kanini kugirango iterambere ryinganda.
Agukoresha tekinolojiya mishya mugutezimbere abafasha
Iterambere no gushyira mu bikorwagusiga irangi no kurangiza abafashashyiramo ibintu byinshi bya tekiniki. Gukoresha byimazeyo ibitekerezo bishya hamwe nikoranabuhanga rishya ryizindi nyigisho bizagirira akamaro iterambere ryo gusiga irangi no kurangiza abafasha. Iterambere rigezweho rya tekinoroji ya mudasobwa, hejuru ya chimie yubutaka na colloid, chimie polymer na physics hamwe na chimie nziza kama, nibindi birashobora gukoreshwa mubushakashatsi no gukora umusaruro wo gusiga irangi imyenda hamwe nabafasha barangiza. Kurugero, tekinoroji yo gutegura microemuliyoni, polymerisiyasi itagira isabune, polymerisiyasi-shell-emulsion polymerisation, tekinoroji ya sol-gel, tekinoroji ya catalizike ikora neza hamwe na nanotehnologiya, nibindi nabyo byakoreshejwe cyane mugutezimbere amarangi mashya no kurangiza abafasha. Gutegura no guhuza ikoranabuhanga byahoze ari inzira yingenzi yo guteza imbere amarangi yo gusiga amarangi no gucapa. Kurugero, guhuza anionic na non-ionic surfactants hamwe ninyongeramusaruro zitandukanye zirashobora kubona umukozi wo gushakisha hamwe nibikorwa byiza. Kandi guhuza aminike silicone yoroshya hamwe na polyurethane prepolymer birashobora kubona umukozi wo murwego rwohejuru urangije ibintu byoroheje gusa kandi byoroshye, ariko kandi byoroshye guhinduka, kuvoma no kwinjiza amazi. Hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi, abantu bakora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kubijyanye na tekinoroji yo guhuza no kuyigira sisitemu yihariye. Bizatuma imyiteguro yo gusiga irangi no kurangiza itera imbere igana ku cyerekezo cyo guhuza siyanse, bigatuma ibice byabafasha birushaho gushyira mu gaciro hamwe ningaruka zo guhuza imbaraga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-08-2019