Mu myaka yashize, kubera iterambere rihoraho ryinganda za fibre hamwe nibisabwa cyane kubidukikijeimyendaibipimo, gusiga imyenda no gufasha abafasha byateye imbere cyane.Kugeza ubu, iterambere ryo gusiga irangi no kurangiza abafasha rifite inzira zikurikira.
Dgutezimbere ibidukikijeabafasha b'imyenda
Hamwe no kuzamura imibereho, abantu bafite byinshi bisabwa kandi byinshi murwego rwo kubungabunga ibidukikije no kurengera ibidukikije.Kubwibyo, abafasha batangiza ibidukikije babaye icyerekezo nyamukuru cyubushakashatsi niterambere ryinganda zabafasha.Usibye kwihuta no gukoresha imikorere isabwa n'inganda, bitangiza ibidukikije abafasha b'imyenda igomba kandi kuba yujuje ubuziranenge bwihariye, nkumutekano mwiza, ibinyabuzima, umutungo wimukanwa nuburozi buto.Na none ibirimo ibyuma biremereye ion na formaldehyde ntibishobora kurenza agaciro ntarengwa.Kandi ntibagomba kubamo imisemburo yibidukikije, nibindi.
Dabafashabikwiriye gushyaimyendafibre hamwe nubuhanga bushya bwo gusiga no kurangiza
Mu myaka yashize, ubwoko bushya bwimyenda yimyenda, nka microfibre, fibre profile, Loycell, Modal, fibre ya PTT, fibre acide polylactique, fibre ya soya nubwoko butandukanye bwibintu bigoye hamwe na fibre ikora bihora bitezwa imbere kandi bigashyirwa mubikorwa.Ibyo bigomba guteza imbere urukurikirane rushya rwo gusiga irangi no kurangiza gutunganya.Hagati aho, ibisabwa bishya byo gusiga amarangi no gucapa nabyo bishyirwa imbere.Birakenewe gutezimbere urukurikirane rwabafasha badasanzwe kubwoko bwose bwa fibre nshya nibikorwa bishya.Byongeye kandi, kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa mu kurengera ibidukikije no kuzigama ingufu, ikoranabuhanga rya plasma yo mu bushyuhe buke, tekinoroji yo gucapa inkjet, imashini ikonjesha imashini eshatu-imwe-imwe ya tekinoroji yo kwitegura hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha amashyanyarazi akomeza gusiga irangi, n'ibindi. nayo isaba abafasha bahuye kugirango bahuze.
Sgushimangira iterambere ryaibicuruzwa byibanze nibikoresho fatizo byagusiga irangi no kurangiza abafasha
Mu gukora amarangi yo gusiga irangi no kurangiza, surfactants, ibice byinshi bya molekile hamwe nabahuza organic nibintu nyamukuru cyangwa ibikoresho nyamukuru.Iterambere ryibicuruzwa byibanze nibikoresho fatizo bitera imbaraga zo guteza imbere amarangi mashya no gufasha abafasha.Surfactants ikoreshwa cyane mugusiga irangi no kurangiza abafasha.Mu myaka yashize, ibintu bimwe na bimwe byiza nka APEO, nibindi byarabujijwe kubera ibibazo byumutekano.Icyifuzo cyo guteza imbere ibintu bishya bifite umutekano, ibinyabuzima byangiza kandi byangiza umubiri wumuntu nibidukikije biragenda byihutirwa.Mubyongeyeho, iterambere no gushyira mubikorwa bimwe na bimwe bishya byubwoko bushya, nka Gemini surfactant, fluorochemical surfactant, organosilicon surfactant na molekile nyinshisurfactantbizamura urwego rusange rwo gusiga irangi no kurangiza abafasha.Ibice byinshi bya molekile nabyo ni ibice bikoreshwa cyane mugusiga irangi no kurangiza abafasha.Kugirango ugabanye ingaruka ku bidukikije, guhinduka kuva mubwoko bwa macromolecule bigahinduka amazi ya macromolecule bigomba kuba inzira yiterambere yo gukoresha macromolecule mugusiga irangi no kurangiza abafasha.Ni ngombwa kandi guteza imbere ibice bimwe na bimwe bya molekuline hamwe nuburyo bushya.
Guteza imbereubushakashatsi no gushyira mubikorwa imyunyu ngugu ya biologiya
Gutegura enzyme ya biologiya ifite ibiranga cataliza neza kandi byumwihariko.Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwimisemburo, ishobora gukoreshwa muri buri gikorwa cyo gusiga irangi no kurangiza.Kubikoresha kugirango bisimbuze ibikoresho gakondo bya chimique mugusiga irangi no kurangiza birashobora kugera ku ntego yo kugabanya ikoreshwa ryibikoresho fatizo, ingufu n’amazi, kuzamura umusaruro, kugabanya igiciro cy’umusaruro no kuzamura umusaruro usukuye mu nganda zisiga amarangi no gucapa.Byongeye kandi, enzymes nibicuruzwa bisanzwe.Birashobora kwangirika rwose kandi ntacyo byangiza ibidukikije.Gutezimbere no gukoresha imitegekere ya enzyme yibinyabuzima mugusiga irangi no kurangiza bifite akamaro kanini kugirango iterambere ryinganda.
Agukoresha tekinolojiya mishya mugutezimbere abafasha
Iterambere no gushyira mu bikorwagusiga irangi no kurangiza abafashashyiramo ibintu byinshi bya tekiniki.Gukoresha byimazeyo ibitekerezo bishya hamwe nikoranabuhanga rishya ryizindi nyigisho bizagirira akamaro iterambere ryo gusiga irangi no kurangiza abafasha.Iterambere rigezweho rya tekinoroji ya mudasobwa, hejuru ya chimie yubutaka na colloid, chimie polymer na physics hamwe na chimie nziza kama, nibindi birashobora gukoreshwa mubushakashatsi no gukora umusaruro wo gusiga irangi imyenda no gufasha abafasha.Kurugero, tekinoroji yo gutegura microemuliyoni, polymerisiyasi itagira isabune, polymerisiyasi-shell-emulsion polymerisation, tekinoroji ya sol-gel, tekinoroji ya catalizike ikora neza hamwe na nanotehnologiya, nibindi nabyo byakoreshejwe cyane mugutezimbere amarangi mashya no kurangiza abafasha.Gutegura no gukoresha ikorana buhanga byahoze ari inzira yingenzi mugutezimbere abafasha gusiga amarangi no gucapa.Kurugero, guhuza anionic na non-ionic surfactants hamwe ninyongeramusaruro zitandukanye zirashobora kubona umukozi wo gushakisha hamwe nibikorwa byiza.Kandi guhuza aminike silicone yoroshya hamwe na polyurethane prepolymer birashobora kubona ibikoresho byo murwego rwohejuru birangirana gusa nubwitonzi buhebuje gusa, ariko kandi byoroshye guhinduka, kuvoma no kwinjiza amazi.Hamwe niterambere rya siyanse, abantu bakora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kubijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga rihuza kandi bakigira sisitemu yihariye.Bizatuma imyiteguro yo gusiga irangi no kurangiza itera imbere igana ku cyerekezo cyo guhuza siyanse, bigatuma ibice byabafasha bishyira mu gaciro kandi ingaruka zo guhuza imbaraga zikaba zikomeye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-08-2019