Iidayi ze-asidi zemveli zibhekisela kwiidayi ezinyibilikayo emanzini ezinamaqela ane-acidic kwisakhiwo sedayi, edla ngokudaywa phantsi kweemeko ze-acidic.
Isishwankathelo seeDayi zeAcid
1.Imbali yeedayi zeasidi
Ngo-1868, kwavela iidayi ze-asidi zokuqala, njengedayi ye-triaromatic methane acid, eyayinamandla.ukudayaamandla kodwa ukukhawuleza okulambathayo.
Ngo-1877, apho kwenziwa idayi yokuqala yeasidi yokudaya uboya, njengebomvu A. Ulwakhiwo olusisiseko lwamiselwa.
Emva kwe-1890, idayi ye-asidi ene-anthraquinone yenziwe.Kwaye inechromatography engaphezulu nangaphezulu.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho phantse amakhulu eentlobo zedayi ze-asidi, ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuboya bokudaya, isilika kunye nenayiloni, njl.
2.Iimpawu zedayi zeasidi
Iqela le-acidic kwiidayi ze-asidi ngokuqhelekileyo lisekelwe kwiqela le-sulfonic acid (-SO3H) kwaye ikhona kwimo yesodium sulfonic acid ityuwa (-SO3NA) kwi-molecule yedayi.Kwaye ezinye zisekwe kwi-sodium carboxylate (-COONA).
Idayi ze-Acid zinokunyibilika kakuhle kwamanzi, umthunzi wombala oqaqambileyo, ichromatography epheleleyo kunye nesakhiwo semolekyuli esilula kunezinye iidayi.Kwakhona ngenxa yokungabikho kwenkqubo ehambelanayo ye-conjugate ende kwiimolekyuli zedayi, ngokuthe ngqo kwedayi ye-asidi iphantsi.
3.Indlela yokusabela kwiidayi zeasidi
Uboya - NH3+ + -O3S — Idayi → Uboya — NH3+·-O3S - Idayi
Isilika - NH3+ + -O3S — Idayi → Isilika — NH3+·-O3S - Idayi
Inayiloni - NH3+ + -O3S — Idayi → Inayiloni — NH3+·-O3S - Idayi
Ukuhlelwa kweeDayi ze-Acid
1.Ukuhlelwa ngokwesakhiwo semolekyuli yomzali wedayi
■ Idayi zeAzo (Iakhawunti ye-60%.
■ Idayi ze-Anthraquinone (Iakhawunti ye-20%. Ikakhulu iblue and green series)
■ Idayi ye-Triaromatic methane (Iakhawunti ye-10%.
■ Idayi zeHeterocyclic (Iakhawunti ye-10%. Uluhlu olubomvu nomfusa.)
2.Ukuhlelwa nge-pH yeedayi
■ Idayi zeAcid kwibhafu yeasidi eyomeleleyo: Ukudaya ixabiso le-pH yi-2.5 ~ 4.Ukukhawuleza okukhanyayo kulungile, kodwa ukukhawuleza kokuphatha okumanzi kumbi.Umthunzi wombala ugqamile kwaye ipropathi yokulinganisa ilungile.
■ Idayi ze-Acid kwibhafu ye-asidi ebuthathaka: Ukudaya ixabiso le-pH yi-4 ~ 5.Isantya seqela le-sulfonic acid kwisakhiwo se-molecular yedayi siphantsi.Ngoko ke ukunyibilika kwamanzi kumbi kancinane.Ukukhawuleza kokusingatha okumanzi kungcono kunedayi ze-asidi kwibhafu ye-asidi eqinile, kodwaumgangathoipropati ihlwempuzekile kancinane.
■ Idayi ze-Acid kwibhafu ye-asidi engathathi hlangothi: Ukudaya ixabiso le-pH yi-6 ~ 7.Isantya seqela le-sulfonic acid kwisakhiwo se-molecular yedayi siphantsi.Ukunyibilika kwedayi kuphantsi kwaye nepropathi yokulinganisa imbi.Umthunzi wombala awukhanyisi ngokwaneleyo, kodwa ukukhawuleza kokusingatha okumanzi kuphezulu.
Umbala oQhelekileyo wokuFaka kweDayi ye-Acid
1.Ukukhawuleza ukukhanya
Kukuchasana kombala we-textile ekukhanyeni okwenziweyo.Ngokubanzi ivavanywa ngokwe-ISO105 B02.
2.Ukukhawuleza kombalaukuhlamba
Kukuchasana kombala we-textile ukuhlamba phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo, njenge-ISO105 C01\C03\E01, njl.
3.Ukukhawuleza kombala ukuhlikihla
Kukuxhathisa kombala we-textile kwisenzo sokuhlikihla.Inokwahlulwa ibe yi-fastness ukomisa ukuhlikihla kunye nokukhawuleza ukuhlikihla okumanzi.
4.Ukukhawuleza kombala kumanzi eklorin
Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-colorfastness kumanzi echibi le-chlorine.Ngokuqhelekileyo kukulinganisa ukuxinana kweklorini kwidama lokuqubha ukuvavanya ukuxhathisa kwelaphu kwiklorini yombala.Umzekelo, indlela yokuvavanya i-ISO105 E03 (Umxholo we-chlorine osebenzayo ngu-50ppm.) ufanelekile kwimpahla yokuqubha yenayiloni.
5.Ukukhawuleza kombala ukuya kubila
Kukuxhathisa kombala welaphu ukubila komntu.Ngokweasidi kunye ne-alkali yombilo, inokohlulwa ibe yimibala ekhawulezayo ukuya kumbilo weasidi kunye nokukhawuleza kombala ukuya kumbilo wealkali.Amalaphu adayiwe ngedayi eneasidi ngokubanzi avavanyelwa ukululama kombala ukuya kumbilo wealkali.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-16-2022