Kwimizi-mveliso yokushicilela kunye nokudaya, ngenxa yemithombo eyahlukeneyo yamanzi, umgangatho wamanzi nawo wahlukile. Ngokubanzi, uninzi lweefektri zokushicilela kunye nokudaya zisebenzisa amanzi endalo angaphezulu komhlaba, amanzi aphantsi komhlaba okanye amanzi etephu.
Amanzi endalo angaphathwanga aqulethe izinto ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali, njenge-calcium, i-magnesium, isinyithi, i-sodium, i-carbonate, i-sulfate kunye ne-chloride, eya kuba nempembelelo enkuluimpahlaukudaya.
Umgangatho wokuprintwa kwe-textile kunye nokudaya uneemfuno ezithile kumgangatho wamanzi. Amanzi aqinileyo aya kuchaphazela isiphumo sokwenza i-bleaching kwaye akhokhelele ekudayeni okungalinganiyo, ukuziva kwesandla esibi kunye nokutyheli kwamalaphu. Kodwa ukongeza i-softener yamanzi kuya kwandisa umthamo we-caustic soda kunye nezinye izongezo.
I-calcium kunye ne-magnesium, enganyibilikiyo emanzini, iya kufakwa kwilaphu kwaye yenze i-incrustation kwisisombululo se-alkali ukuncamathisela kwizixhobo ezithintela ukuveliswa. Xa i-iron kunye netyuwa ye-manganese emanzini idlula umgangatho, kulula ukuvelisa amabala e-rust kunye ne-catalyze i-oxidation ye-cotton fiber ngexesha lokubilisa kunye nokukhuhla. Xa usebenzisa i-oxidizing agent kwinkqubo yokuxutywa kwe-bleaching, i-iron kunye netyuwa ye-manganese nayo iya kubangela ukubola kwe-ejenti ye-bleaching.
Niniukudayangeedayi ezisebenzayo, impembelelo yobulukhuni bamanzi ayibalulekanga. Kodwa xa udaya inayiloni ngedayi ye-asidi, impembelelo yokuqina kwamanzi ayibalulekanga. Amanzi anzima kakhulu akayi kwenza kuphela umbala kunye nokucwebezela kwelaphu elihlwempuzekileyo, kodwa i-CI emanzini nayo inempembelelo enkulu ekudayeni.
Izinto eziqinileyo ezinqunyanyisiweyo kumanzi aqinileyo ziyakuchaphazela ubumhlophe bokwenza i-bleaching. Xa udaya ushizi, kulula ukunciphisa ukuqaqamba komgangatho wangaphakathi nangaphandle womsonto wetshizi. Ixabiso eliphezulu le-pH yamanzi liya kuchaphazela ipropati yokulinganisa iilaphu kumbala okhanyayo. Kungenxa yokuba phantsi kwemeko yealkali, idayi ezongeziweyo ziya kulungiswa, okukhokelela ekulinganeni okubi kunye namabala okudaya.
Ukuba ixabiso le-pH lamanzi liphezulu kakhulu, liya kwenza idayi ibe yi-hydrolyze kwinkqubo yesepha, nto leyo eya kubangela ukuveliswa kakubi. Kwaye nakwinkqubo yokuthambisa, kuya kubangela ukuba ilaphu pH lidlule umgangatho.
I-iron eyongezelelweyo iya kubangela amabala ombala, amabala okudaya kunye nombala obumnyama. Ubuninzi be-ion yemanganese sesona sizathu siphambili sokutyheli kwamalaphu afakwe iblitshi.
Amanzi aqinileyo aya kuba nefuthe ekukhanyeni kombala kwaye aya kukhokelela ekungcolisweni kwabatshintshisi bobushushu. Inokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu. Ngaphezu koko, i-calcium kunye ne-magnesium ion kunye ne-sodium carbonate iya kuvelisa intlenga enganyibilikiyo, eya kubangela amabala e-alkali.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-29-2022