Odayi abayisisekelo, ababizwa nangokuthi odayi basezindaweni, bawusawoti owenziwe izisekelo ezinephunga elimnandi nama-asidi (ama-asidi ephilayo, ama-asidi angaphili), okungukuthi, usawoti wezisekelo ezinemibala ephilayo. Iqembu layo eliyisisekelo ngokuvamile iqembu lama-amino, okuyiqembu likasawoti -NH2 ·HCl ngemva kokwakhiwa kwaba usawoti. Incibilika emanzini futhi ihlukanise ibe udayi cation kanye anion acid. Eyaziwa nangokuthi odayi be-cationic.
Ngo-1856, i-HWperkin yahlanganisa udayi wokuqala wokwenziwa emhlabeni, i-aniline violet, okuwudayi oyisisekelo. Ngemva kwalokho, i-fuchsin eyisisekelo (i-CI Basic Violet 14), i-Basic Blue (CI Basic Blue 9), i-Crystal Violet (CI Basic Violet 3), i-Malachite Green (CI Basic Green 4) ne-Rhodamine yavela ngokulandelana. (CI Basic Violet 10) nezinye izinhlobo eziningi. Izinhlobo zesakhiwo samakhemikhali zodayi abayisisekelo zifaka i-diarylmethane, i-triarylmethane, uhlobo lwe-azo kanye nezinhlanganisela ze-heterocyclic eziqukethe i-nitrogen (njenge-xanthene, i-oxazine ne-thiazine, njll.).
Amadayi ayisisekelo anamaqembu amancane e-hydrophilic, ngakho awancibiliki emanzini. Lapho uncibilika, qala uhlakaze ngotshwala noma i-acetic acid, bese uhlanza ngamanzi. Odayi abayisisekelo bazwela kakhulu ekushiseni, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa lokuncibilika kwe-dilution kanye nokugeza okudaya akufanele libe phezulu kakhulu. Odayi abayisisekelo bahlobene nesikhumba esifakwe icala elibi, ngakho bafanele ukudaya isikhumba esishukiwe semifino. Isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukudaya isikhumba ngama-anion (isikhumba esishukiwe semifino), futhi amandla ayo okubopha aqinile. Isikhumba esishukiwe esine-Cationic chrome asisetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokungasheshi kahle kokukhanya.
Odayi abayisisekelo bawusawoti wezisekelo zemvelo, ezihlukanisa zibe ama-pigment cations nama-anion acid esixazululweni, ngakho-ke abizwa nangokuthi odayi abayisisekelo. Ukwakheka kwayo kwamangqamuzana ngokuvamile kuqukethe ama-amine ayinhloko, ama-amine esibili, ama-amine aphakeme noma ama-heterocycle aqukethe i-nitrogen, ngakho-ke i-cationic ebuthakathaka emanzini ane-asidi.
Odayi abayisisekelo banamandla okubopha aqinile namathunzi akhanyayo. Kodwa-ke, ukushesha kokukhanya nokushesha ukuwasha kwamadayi anjalo ampofu. Manje akusavamile ukusetshenziselwa ukufaka imibala kumafayibha. Ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa umbala wephepha, amaribhoni kanye nezinto eziphilayo. Odayi abanjenge-crystal violet, i-rhodamine ne-oxazine bangasetshenziswa futhi njengodayi abangezwani nokushisa, odayi abangezwani nokucindezela kanye namalaser odayi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-22-2022